Menstrual pain affects the brain.

Hormonal Changes and Their Effects on the Brain

Dr. Pracha explained that during the period before and during menstruation, levels of estrogen significantly drop. This change directly affects both brain cells and the vascular system in the brain. When estrogen decreases, it causes neurotransmitters associated with happiness, such as Serotonin and Endorphin, to decrease accordingly. This is the reason why women often have irritability, mood swings, or feel gloomy during “that time of the month.”

Conversely, during the ovulation period, estrogen levels rise significantly, causing the uterine lining to thicken and the body to retain salt, which results in water retention. Women therefore often feel bloated or uncomfortable before their period.

Estrogen with Headaches and Migraines

The decrease in estrogen during menstruation is also linked to an increase in headaches and migraines. Research has found that women have nearly a 2-fold increased chance of suffering from migraine attacks during their period. Estrogen also affects a substance called CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide), which is a molecule involved in inflammation and the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. When there is too much of it, it can more easily trigger migraines.

In addition, estrogen affects liver function by stimulating it to produce more substances that cause blood coagulation. The use of birth control pills containing estrogen mixtures may therefore increase the risk of developing venous thromboembolism, whether in the brain, legs, or lungs.

Methods for Prevention and Symptom Relief

Although these symptoms are related to the natural changes of the body, they can be relieved and prevented through the following guidelines:

1. Getting Sufficient Sleep and Rest
   Proper sleep helps maintain the balance of neurotransmitters, keeping serotonin and endorphin levels from dropping too low, resulting in stable moods and reduced headaches.

2. Stress Reduction
   Engaging in activities that help relax, such as meditation, singing, or favorite hobbies, will help reduce emotional and mental tension.

3. Regular Exercise
   Exercise helps balance the body, stimulates endorphin secretion, and helps eliminate waste products that might accumulate in the brain.

4. Appropriate Dietary Consumption
   Especially foods rich in magnesium, such as various types of nuts and sunflower seeds, because magnesium contributes to reducing the severity of migraine pain.

Menstrual pain and its associated symptoms, whether they are mood swings, water retention, or severe headaches, are all related to changes in estrogen hormone levels. Understanding these mechanisms helps women take care of themselves in the right way, including getting enough rest, reducing stress, exercising, and choosing to consume nutritious food.

Ultimately, paying proper attention to health during the period before and during menstruation will help women pass through this period with both physical and mental balance.